New York Times: “Get It Right on Gas”

by Duane Nichols on August 5, 2012

Tom Friedman, NYT

Get It Right on Gas

Thomas Friedman,  New York Times, August 5, 2012    

>  WE are in the midst of a natural gas revolution in America that is a potential game changer for the economy, environment and our national security — if we do it right.

The enormous stores of natural gas that have been locked away in shale deposits across America that we’ve now been able to tap into, thanks to breakthroughs in seismic imaging, horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking,” are enabling us to replace much dirtier coal with cleaner gas as the largest source of electricity generation in America. And natural gas may soon be powering cars, trucks and ships as well. This is helping to lower our carbon emissions faster than expected and make us more energy secure. And, if prices stay low, it may enable America to bring back manufacturing that migrated overseas. But, as the energy and climate expert Hal Harvey puts it, there is just one big, hugely important question to be asked about this natural gas bounty: “Will it be a transition to a clean energy future, or does it defer a clean energy future?”

That is the question — because natural gas is still a fossil fuel. The good news: It emits only half as much greenhouse gas as coal when combusted and, therefore, contributes only half as much to global warming. The better news: The recent glut has made it inexpensive to deploy. But there is a hidden, long-term, cost: A sustained gas glut could undermine new investments in wind, solar, nuclear and energy efficiency systems — which have zero emissions — and thus keep us addicted to fossil fuels for decades.

That would be reckless. This year’s global extremes of droughts and floods are totally consistent with models of disruptive, nonlinear climate change. After record warm temperatures in the first half of this year, it was no surprise to find last week that the Department of Agriculture has now designated more than half of all U.S. counties — 1,584 in 32 states — as primary disaster areas where crops and grazing areas have been ravaged by drought.

That is why on May 29 the British newspaper The Guardian quoted Fatih Birol, the chief economist for the International Energy Agency, as saying that “a golden age for gas is not necessarily a golden age for the climate” — if natural gas ends up sinking renewables. Maria van der Hoeven, executive director of the I.E.A., urged governments to keep in place subsidies and regulations to encourage investments in wind, solar and other renewables “for years to come” so they remain competitive.

Moreover, while natural gas is cleaner than coal, extracting it can be very dirty. We have to do this right. For instance, the carbon advantage can be undermined by leakage of uncombusted natural gas from wellheads and pipelines because methane — the primary component of natural gas — is an extremely powerful greenhouse gas, more powerful than carbon dioxide. The big oil companies can easily maintain high drilling standards, but a lot of fracking is done by mom-and-pop drillers that do not. The standards that can make fracking environmentally O.K. are not expensive, but the big drillers want to make sure that the little guys have to apply them, too, so everyone has the same cost basis.

On July 19, Forbes interviewed George Phydias Mitchell, who, in the 1990s, pioneered the use of fracking to break natural gas free from impermeable shale. According to Forbes, Mitchell argued that fracking needs to be regulated by the Department of Energy, not just states: “Because if they don’t do it right, there could be trouble,” he says. There’s no excuse not to get it right. “There are good techniques to make it safe that should be followed properly,” he says. But, the smaller, independent drillers, “are wild.” “It’s tough to control these independents. If they do something wrong and dangerous, they should punish them.”

Adds Fred Krupp, the president of the Environmental Defense Fund who has been working with the government and companies on drilling standards: “The economic and national security advantages of natural gas are obvious, but if you tour some of these areas of intensive development the environmental impacts are equally obvious.” We need nationally accepted standards for controlling methane leakage, for controlling water used in fracking — where you get it, how you treat the polluted water that comes out from the fracking process and how you protect aquifers — and for ensuring that communities have the right to say no to drilling. “The key message,” said Krupp, “is you gotta get the rules right. States need real inspector capacity and compliance schemes where companies certify they have done it right and there are severe penalties if they perjure.”

Energy companies who want to keep regulations lax need to understand that a series of mishaps around natural gas will — justifiably — trigger an environmental backlash to stop it.

But we also need to get the economics right. We’ll need more tax revenue to reach a budget deal in January. Why not a carbon tax that raises enough money to help pay down the deficit and lower both personal income taxes and corporate taxes — and ensures that renewables remain competitive with natural gas? That would ensure this gas revolution transforms America, not just our electric grid.

{ 1 comment… read it below or add one }

S. Tom Bond August 7, 2012 at 5:08 pm

The recent article in the NYT titled “Get It Right on Gas” is of particular interest to me.  I have spent a lifetime farming in West Virginia in the Marcellus area and enjoy the benefit of a good education, BS in Chemistry and Math, MS in  Education and a Ph. D. in Inorganic Chemistry.
 
Your article shows the bias to be expected of an intelligent, media informed person, one who is kind, not tough minded.  It also shows you have not visited the areas where shale drilling takes place to talk with people, nor examined the vast literature of complaint about the harm done in the field.
 
In the Marcellus area we are no strangers to extractive industry, we have had deep and strip coal, timber, and the longest history of oil extraction – anywhere.  The rip and tear methods of resource extraction have a new parallel in the Marcellus.  They will not make our states prosperous, but when played out will have injured thousands of people, depreciated property values and damaged our long time industries, timber, cattle, recreation and retirement.  Lots of people come here for the quiet life.
 
You speak of “mom and pop” drillers.  These are, in fact, ephemeral creations by larger entities which pop into existence and out of existence, like some subatomic particles do.  The objective is to avoid liability.  Government at the state level is most easily bent to the driller’s needs.  The federal government can do real research, so must be kept out as much as possible.  Local government is too close to what people want and has to be defeated.  State government can be bought.
 
Economic evaluations don’t include the cost.  It is externalized by accounting like a balance sheet with credits and no debits. It is inscribed in law for oil and gas by long practice, from a time when space was considered infinite with respect to the need for natural resources.  Damage is externalized. That has been the practice for resource extraction in the past, and it continues.
 
The notion of a “transition fuel,” which you mention, serves the industry and the investors, not citizens.  The problem is NOW.  We need to act NOW on global warming.
 
You can not expect strangers to observe regulations, laws or “best practices,” (if they are worth anything at all) in the face of the stress of being so over-built as the shale drilling industry.
 
 When it started the drive was to lease as much of the finite resource as possible.   Then the drive was to get as favorable legislation as possible.  And they got that. This appeared in the NYT recently:
 
            “Mr. Headley said the drilling foreman on his property told him he had drilled all over the world but never in a place easier than Pennsylvania: “Ask for what you want and you’ll get it,” he quoted the driller.”
 
Now the drive is to export the gas, even though originally the argument was “to give the United States energy independence.”  Are we not going to need that independence in the future?
 
The attack on alternative energy sources in Pennsylvania, by the shale drillers Governor Corbett, and elsewhere, is certainly not without the shale driller’s assent.
 
These are not kind people, their objective is not to help America.  Their objective is to help themselves, and the arguments for shale drilling, the laws for it, the effort, the PR, the risk is not for America.  When it is over the debris will be left behind, including the unplugged wells, which are never mentioned, and the drillers and investors will move on.  But the brownfields won’t. Nor will the population move. 

It has happened before.

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